American Journal of PharmTech Research

Thienopyridines consist of fused heterocyclic structures that incorporate thiophene and pyridine rings. They are important in medicinal chemistry because different substituents can be introduced into their structure to modify their biological and pharmacological properties. Thienopyridine derivatives have been reported to show several activities, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiplatelet, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. Tinoridine hydrochloride is an important example of a thienopyridine with anti-inflammatory activity and can be used as a reference compound in the development of new derivatives. Some newly studied thienopyridine derivatives have shown anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity, with certain compounds showing lower ulcerogenic effects than indomethacin. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important target for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. Molecular docking can be used to study the possible binding of thienopyridine derivatives with COX-2, while structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies can help identify structural features related to activity. ADMET prediction can also provide information about the pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties of the compounds. Therefore, combining SAR, molecular docking and ADMET studies may help in the design of new and potentially safer thienopyridine-based anti-inflammatory agents. (1,4,6,11) Keywords: Thienopyridine; COX-2; Molecular Docking; SAR; Nsaids; Tinoridine Hydrochloride.

Nowadays Socail media has become an important tool for healthcare marketing and communication through some platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, You Tube, Linkedin and X healp pharamaceutical and healthcare organizations communicate information, education for consumers and promotion of the healthcare and other products. Advertisements, instructive postings, patient testimonials, and awareness campaigns are examples of social media material that can increase customers' awareness of and familiarity with healthcare products. The general public frequently uses social media as a source of health information. Social media platforms must take steps to improve access to and exposure to high-quality, science-based information because of the potential for material shared through these platforms to affect health outcomes. The work of an independent advisory group organized by the National Academy of Medicine is summarized in this paper. The group discussed and gathered data to create a set of preliminary principles and characteristics that could guide platforms' identification and potential elevation of reliable sources of health information. The authors explore the possibility of trustworthiness among main categories and types of government and nonprofit organizations that disseminate health information via social media using these principles and characteristics as a framework. In addition to source evaluation, the authors stress the necessity of parallel methodologies, such as content assessment, as well as crucial ethical considerations like the defence of free speech and human autonomy. The study also emphasises that social media companies should share data with behavioural and public health experts to comprehend the effects of such rules on both online and offline behaviours in order to be regarded as credible themselves Research on the use of social media by medical professionals is still lacking. Only a small portion of chemists utilize social media for work-related purposes, despite the fact that the majority have at least one account, according to the scant study on the subject.

β-Lapachone (β-Lap) is a naturally occurring ortho-naphthoquinone found in the heartwood of Handroanthus impetiginosus and other lapacho trees. The compound has been studied extensively due to its promising anticancer potential in cancer cells with high expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Reduction of β-Lap by NQO1 leads to the formation of a highly unstable hydroquinone intermediate which undergoes oxidation in a futile redox cycle, generating excessive amounts of ROS. The resultant oxidative stress can lead to DNA damage, hyperactivation of PARP1, reduction of NAD+ and ATP levels and cell death in cancer cells. Although β-Lap exhibits promising pharmacological effects, its poor solubility in water, problems with formulation and pharmacokinetics, possible toxic effects associated with dosing and limited therapeutic window limit the clinical applications of the parent compound. Therefore, various modifications of β-Lap structure were performed using the arylamino, alkoxy, thiosemicarbazone, oxime and prodrug strategies. Computer-assisted drug design approaches such as molecular docking, electronic-structure calculation and ADMET predictions serve as additional methods of selection of promising β-Lap derivatives before synthesis and testing. The present review gives a summary of the chemistry, physicochemical properties, SAR, pharmacology, synthetic and computational approaches to β-Lap and its derivatives [1-3,6]. The review was performed on published scientific papers based on β-lapachone, structural derivatives of β-lapachone, anticancer potential, molecular docking, and computational ADMET study. β-Lapachone was taken into account as the main parent compound, and structural derivatives, including arylamino, alkoxy, oxime, thiosemicarbazone, and other groups, were discussed. The computational methods, including molecular docking, were considered for the assessment of the interaction between the ligands and their targets (proteins) involved in the process of cancer development such as NQO1 and Topoisomerase IIα. Binding interactions, docking score, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic, and π-π interactions were studied according to the reported studies. Besides, the pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties were also evaluated through ADMET prediction to obtain better anticancer agents [1,4,6,7]